KINGDOM PLANTAE:
Body type: multicellular with cell walls made of cellulose
Prokaryotic / eukaryotic: eukaryotic
Food consumption: photosynthesis (absorbs light)
Reproduction: both sexual and asexual
Environments: land and water
Hetero / Chemo / Autotrophic: Autotrophic
Characteristics: Plants have organs and organ systems. The leaves collect and absorb sunlight to convert to glucose. The leaves have a waxy coat on them to shield against water. The root system, which branches out, provides support and absorbs water. The stem provides support and the petal / flower / bud is the reproductive organ of the plant.
What distinguishes kingdom plantae from all the other kingdoms, is that the cells of kingdom plantae have cell walls made of cellulose that are used to support the plant. This cell wall is not a semi-permeable membrane and the cell cannot transport material and nutrients in and out of the cell walls. For this function there is the large central vacuole that stores water and chemicals for use inside of the cell. Another characteristic belonging only to kingdom plantae is their chloroplasts, the organelle that converts light energy into chemical energy inside the plant where the energy is stored as sugar. Their ability to convert inorganic matter (atmospheric CO2) to organic matter using photosynthesis keeps us humans in kingdom animalia alive.
Names of phyla:
-Filicophyta
-Sphenophyta
-Bryophyta
-Ginkophyta
-Coniferophyta
-Anthophyta
The naming of plants is governed by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
1. BRYOPHYTA
Mosses are small, soft plants that are typically 1–10 cm (0.4-4 in) tall, though some species are much larger. They commonly grow close together in clumps or mats in damp or shady locations. They do not have flowers or seeds, and their simple leaves cover the thin wiry stems. At certain times mosses produce spore capsules which may appear as beak-like capsules borne aloft on thin stalks.
Bryophyta do not have any true organs like stems, leaves or roots. They have tiny anchor-like rhizoids that keep them attached to the ground. They grow in shaded, moist places, like the rainforests.
Example : Physcomitrella patens(used as photobioreactor)
Sphagnum crisatum (as Christmas décor)
2. FILICOPHYTA OR PTERIDOPHYTA
A fern is any one of a group of about 12,000 species of plants. Unlike mosses they have xylem and phloem (making them vascular plants). They have stems, leaves, and roots like other vascular plants. Ferns do not have either seeds or flowers (they reproduce via spores).
Ferns are not of major economic importance, but some are grown or gathered for food, as ornamental plants, or for remediating contaminated soils. Some are significant weeds. They also feature in mythology, medicine, and art.
Ex. • Rumohra adiantiformis (floral fern), extensively used in the florist trade
• Microsorum pteropus (Java fern), one of the most popular freshwater aquarium plants.
• Osmunda regalis (royal fern) and Osmunda cinnamomea (cinnamon fern), the root fiber being used horticulturally; the fiddleheads of O. cinnamomea are also used as a cooked vegetable
3. SPHENOPHYTA
Consists of horsetails, which are basically stems. There aren't any noticeable leaves, and barely any roots.
Living species are commonly known as horsetails and typically grow in wet areas, with needle-like leaves radiating at regular intervals from a single vertical stem.
Ex. • Equisetum diffusum - Himalayan Horsetail
• Equisetum fluviatile - Water Horsetail
• Equisetum palustre - Marsh Horsetail
4. CONIFEROPHYTA
They are cone-bearing seed plants with vascular tissue; all extant conifers are woody plants, the great majority being trees with just a few being shrubs. Typical examples of conifers include cedars, douglas-firs, cypresses, firs, junipers, kauris, larches, pines, redwoods, spruces, and yews. They are the dominant plants over huge areas of land, most notably the boreal forests of the northern hemisphere,but also in similar cool climates in mountains further south
Ex. Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
Japanese Larch (Larix kaempferi)
Pinus strobus (Pine tree)
5. GINKGOPHYTA
Plants that are domestic to China and when reproducing, the females egg produces a very bad smell.
amily of gymnosperms which appeared during the Mesozoic Era, of which the only extant representative is Ginkgo biloba, which is for this reason sometimes regarded as a living fossil.
6. ANTHOPHYTA
The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most diverse group of land plants. The flowering plants and the gymnosperms are the only extant groups of seed plants. The flowering plants are distinguished from other seed plants by a series of apomorphies, or derived characteristics.
Sampaguita (Jasminum sambac)
Tulip (Liriodendron tulipifera)
Gumamela (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
Ilang-ilang (Canangium odoratum)
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Eggplant (Solanum melongena)
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Ampalaya (Momordica charantia)
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Apple (Malus domestica)
Calamansi (Citrus microcarpa)
Banana (Musa sapientum)
Mango (Mangifera indica)
